SOURCES OF SAFETY INFORMATION

Sources from which of safety information for cosmetic Ingredients can be collected.

1. Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) - CTFA (Canadian Cosmetics, Toiletries and Fragrances Association)
2. Prohibited Ingredients and other Hazardous Substance     – FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
3. California Proposition 65 List - California EPA (European Public Health Alliance)
4. List of Suspected Carcinogens - NTP (National Toxicology Programme)
5. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act - EPA Industry Guidelines to Restrict Ingredient Usage - IFRA (International Fragrance Association)
6. Approved Colorant list (limited) - FDA
7. Endocrine  Disruptor Screening Program - EPA
8. Voluntary Children’s Health Chemical Evaluation 
9. Program – EPA
10. European Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association (COLIPA) – EU (European Union)
11. Pubmed - Toxnet

COSMETIC INGREDIENTS

Common ingredients as preservatives, emulsifiers, colour, thickeners, humectanct etc, that are found to be toxic but widely used in personal skin care product's found to be toxic , although some of them are banned by cosmetic lesgislations (Table 1). Ingredients prohibited and restricted by FDA Regulations are shown in table 2. The principal ingredients in sunscreens are usually aromatic molecules conjugated with carbonyl groups. This general structure allows the molecule to absorb high-energy ultraviolet rays and release the energy as lower-energy rays, thereby preventing the skin-damaging ultraviolet rays from reaching the skin. So, upon exposure to UV light, most of the ingredients (with the notable exception of avobenzone) do not undergo significant chemical change, allowing these ingredients to retain the UV-absorbing potency without significant photo-degradation8. UV filters and their combinations have frequently been a subject matter of deliberations within the Committee for Cosmetic Products (Cosmetics Committee) at the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). The Federal States Baden-Württemberg and Bayern have reported several problems related to UV filters in sun protection products9-14.1. Combined effects of UV filters and a summation limit value for UV filters,2. A limitation for the sun protection factor,3. The photostability of UV filters and4. The oral toxicity of UV filters in lipsticks and lip care products.Bureau of federal regulation (BfR) recommends using combinations of UV filters and ingredients in the formulations of cosmetic products in a manner that enables to keep the amount of individual filters and also the sum of the filters used for the protection aimed as low as possible. At present there are no hints with respect to a concrete risk for cumulative toxic effects or increased skin penetration in products with a UV filter combination15. The daily amount of skin care products applied (leave-on products: facial cream, body lotion, deodorant and hair products) amounts to 13.5 g according to estimates of SCCNFP16 . Permitted UV filters are listed in Annex VII of the Cosmetics Directive and in Annex 7 .Cosmetics UV filters that are used as ingredients in the sunscreen that are approved and disapproved on the basis of the effect produced by them. (Table 3-4).CONCLUSIONThis review give the brief outline of cosmetic regulatory bodies that paly a keyr role to control over ingredients, that are toxic. The paper reveal information on specific ingredients and products that are dangerous to consumers and aim is to protect the health of consumers and workers by requiring the health and beauty industry to phase out the use of chemicals that are known or suspected to cause cancer, genetic mutation or reproductive harm.

BIBILOGRAPHY

1. See L. Woodhead, War Paint, 2004.

2. Judy Davis, Chris o Brein. Ingredients for skin care: a new layer in anti-ageing. Functional foods and nutraceuticals, 2003.

3. Darbre. A study detected parabens in breast tumors. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2004.

4. New Cosmetics Rule Bans 790 Substances, Business Alert – China. Issue 02, 01 February, 2007.

5. Toyoda Hidekazu . Global Currents and Problems Concerning the Risk Assessment for Cosmetics .Journal of Japanese Cosmetic Science Society, 28, 4, 288-291, 2004.

6. Teshima Kunikazu. The Risk Assessment for Cosmetics and Cosmetic Ingredients. Journal of Japanese Cosmetic Science Society, 28, 4, 285-287, 2004.

7. Monica Guarinoni .Skin Deep: an assessment of ingredients in personal care products, by European Public Health Alliance , 39-41 Rue d Arlon, B1000 Brussels, Belgium, 10, June 2004.

8. http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/dailys.

9.Gonzenbach H, Berset G, Deflandre A, Mascotto RE, Jolley JDR, Lowell W, Pelzer R,Stiehm T. Proposed protocol for determination of photostability. Part I: Cosmetic UVFilters.International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 18, 167-177, 1996.

10. Herzog B, Sommer K. Investigations on Photostability of UV-Absorbers for Cosmetic Sunscreens. Proceedings of the 21st IFSCC International Congress, 2000.

11. Johncook W. Sunscreen interactions in formulations. Allured’s Cosmetics and Toiletries Magazine, 114, 9, 75-82, 1999.

12. Nohynek GJ. Benefit and risk of organic ultraviolet filters. SÖFW-Journal , 127 ,7, 20-23, 2001.

13. Rünger TM.  Role of UVA in the pathogenesis of melanoma and non-melanoma skincancer. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed., 15, 212-216, 1999.

14. Schwack W, Rudolph T. Photostabilität und Photoreaktionen von UV-Filtersubstanzen in Kosmetika. GIT Fachz. Lab.4, 373-377,  1996.

15. Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), UV-Filters in Sun Protection ProductsOpinion of the Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 6th August.

16. SCCNFP/0321/00 final: Notes of guidance for testing cosmetic ingredients for their safety evaluation, 2003.