An estimated 34 million people are diagnosed with asthma in the major markets. The disease can be broken down into various phenotypes, differentiated by severity, trigger, or predominant inflammatory type. These phenotypes may have important consequences for future approaches to treat asthma in a more targeted fashion, doing away with the one-size-fits-all approach.
Refractory asthma seems to be resistant to corticosteroids, and some refractory patients also suffer from chronic airflow obstruction. Resistant disease is thought to afflict about 10% of asthma patients, whose unmet medical needs are for obvious reasons very high.
On average, 60% of the adult asthmatic population suffer from allergic asthma. These patients are often well controlled with an early onset of disease and less severe symptoms compared to the non-allergic phenotype. Immunotherapy is suggested to be beneficial for some of the more severe allergic asthmatics.
Two inflammatory phenotypes dominate in asthma: eosinophilic and neutrophilic. These types of inflammation can be seen across a variety of phenotypes, although it is thought that eosinophilic inflammation is mostly associated with allergic asthma and neutrophilic inflammation is associated with refractory asthma and chronic airflow obstruction.
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